Working principle of RF coaxial connector

1. Electromagnetic field coupling transmission

The inner conductor (center pin) and the outer conductor (outer sleeve) form a coaxial structure, and radio frequency signals propagate in the form of electromagnetic waves in the medium between the two. The electromagnetic field forms coupling between the outer surface of the inner conductor and the inner surface of the outer conductor, completing energy transfer.

2.  TEM wave transmission mode

The main mode of coaxial transmission line is transverse electromagnetic wave (TEM mode), and the direction of electric and magnetic fields is perpendicular to the propagation direction, ensuring the stability of signal transmission. The characteristic of this mode is that electromagnetic waves have no longitudinal component, and the energy oscillates completely in the transverse plane, avoiding phase delay and signal distortion.

3.  Shielding and impedance matching

The outer conductor serves both shielding and grounding functions, effectively isolating external electromagnetic interference and preventing internal signal leakage through the conductive properties of its inner and outer surfaces. The symmetry and uniform distribution of the coaxial structure ensure the continuity of the characteristic impedance, reducing reflection and standing wave losses.